PENERAPAN RELIABILITY CENTERED MAINTENANCE PADA KEGAGALAN PERAWATAN FRONT WHEEL HUB PT X

SKT80S merupakan unit mining truck yang digunakan pada kegiatan operasional pertambangan dan membutuhkan tingkat keandalan yang tinggi agar aktivitas produksi berjalan optimal. Berdasarkan data historis unplanned downtime PT X Site Bogor periode Januari–Desember 2025 kegagalan Front Wheel Hub menjadi penyumbang downtime terbesar yaitu 1.190,1 jam atau 58,82% dari total unplanned downtime. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan strategi maintenance yang tepat pada kegagalan Front Wheel Hub dengan menerapkan metode Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM), serta mengevaluasi hasil penerapannya terhadap interval perawatan, Mean Time To Failure (MTTF), Mean Time To Repair (MTTR), dan maintenance cost. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data kuantitatif diperoleh dari data unplanned downtime, jumlah kegagalan, total operating hours, MTTF, MTTR, dan maintenance cost. Data kualitatif diperoleh melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara, dan diskusi dengan tim maintenance. Metode analisis yang digunakan meliputi Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), perhitungan Risk Priority Number (RPN), fishbone diagram, Information Worksheet, dan RCM II Decision Worksheet. Hasil FMEA menunjukkan bahwa Front Wheel Hub memiliki nilai RPN tertinggi sebesar 648 dan masuk kategori Major Risk. Akar masalah utama yang ditemukan meliputi belum optimalnya maintenance berkala, pemanfaatan service manual belum maksimal, keterbatasan special tools dan stock part, kebutuhan training mekanik, serta penggunaan grease yang belum sesuai standar Sany. Hasil penerapan RCM menghasilkan strategi preventive maintenance terjadwal dengan on-condition task sebagai tindakan utama. Penerapan RCM juga menghasilkan interval awal preventive maintenance untuk Front Wheel Hub yaitu sekitar 2.750 HM berdasarkan hasil sampling salah satu unit. Setelah penerapan RCM nilai MTTF meningkat dari 2.259,0 HM menjadi 3.263,4 HM, sedangkan nilai MTTR menurun dari 36,1 jam menjadi 8,5 jam. Biaya langsung maintenance Front Wheel Hub menurun dari Rp124.441.157,27 menjadi Rp11.294.075,56. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut penerapan RCM menunjukkan indikasi dapat mengubah pola perawatan Front Wheel Hub dari corrective maintenance yang bersifat reaktif menjadi preventive maintenance yang lebih terencana, sistematis, dan efisien. Hasil penerapan ini masih perlu dievaluasi secara berkelanjutan pada lebih banyak unit dan periode operasi yang lebih panjang agar efektivitas interval perawatan terhadap kondisi fleet dapat dipastikan secara lebih representatif. The SKT80S mining truck is a production unit used in mining operations that requires high reliability to ensure optimal production performance. Based on historical unplanned downtime data from PT X Bogor Site during January–December 2025, Front Wheel Hub failure was identified as the dominant contributor to unplanned downtime, reaching 1,190.1 hours or 58.82% of the total unplanned downtime. This study aims to determine an appropriate maintenance strategy for Front Wheel Hub failure using the Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) method and to evaluate its impact on preventive maintenance interval, Mean Time To Failure (MTTF), Mean Time To Repair (MTTR), and maintenance cost. This research employed quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data were obtained from unplanned downtime records, failure frequency, total operating hours, MTTF, MTTR, and maintenance cost, while qualitative data were collected through field observations, interviews, and discussions with the maintenance team. The analysis methods included Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), Risk Priority Number (RPN) calculation, fishbone diagram, Information Worksheet, and RCM II Decision Worksheet. The results showed that the Front Wheel Hub had the highest RPN value of 648 and was classified as a Major Risk component. The main root causes included suboptimal periodic maintenance, insufficient use of the service manual, limited availability of special tools and spare parts, the need for mechanic training, and the use of grease that did not fully comply with Sany standards. The RCM analysis resulted in a scheduled preventive maintenance strategy through on-condition tasks, with an initial preventive maintenance interval of approximately 2,750 HM based on one sample unit. After RCM implementation, the MTTF increased from 2,259.0 HM to 3,263.4 HM, while the MTTR decreased from 36.1 hours to 8.5 hours. In addition, the direct maintenance cost decreased from IDR 124,441,157.27 to IDR 11,294,075.56. These findings indicate that, within this case study, RCM can help shift Front Wheel Hub maintenance from reactive corrective maintenance to a more planned, systematic, and cost-efficient preventive maintenance strategy. However, further evaluation using more units and a longer operating period is required to validate the effectiveness of the proposed maintenance interval for overall fleet conditions.